Posted on Leave a comment

Designing, Building, and Specifying APIs

Designing, Building, and Specifying APIs

The technical author has many options when designing and building APIs. While building a service with modern technologies and frameworks can be incredibly fast, creating an enduring approach that stands the test of time requires careful thought and deliberation. In this article, we will examine REST and RPC models that are frequently used in API implementations.

One key understanding in this journey will be the role of standards in steering design decisions and evading potential compatibility issues. We’ll also examine OpenAPI Specifications, understanding their practical applications for technical teams and the crucial versioning aspect.

RPC-based interactions are generally specified using a schema; to compare and contrast with a REST approach, we will explore gRPC. With REST and gRPC in mind, we will look at the different factors to consider in model exchanges. We will also consider whether providing a REST and RPC API in the same service is practical.

Representation State Transfer (REST) is a set of architectural conditions commonly applied using HTTP as the underlying transport protocol. From a practical perspective, to be considered RESTful, your API must ensure that:

  • A producer-to-consumer interaction is modeled where the producer models resources the consumer can interact with.
  • Requests from producer to consumer are stateless, meaning the producer doesn’t cache details of a previous request. To build up a chain of requests on a given resource, the consumer must send any required information to the producer for processing.
  • Requests are cachable, meaning the producer can provide hints to the consumer where appropriate. In HTTP, this is often provided in the information contained in the header.
  • A uniform interface is conveyed to the consumer. You will explore the use of verbs, resources, and other patterns shortly.
  • It is a layered system, abstracting away the complexity of systems sitting behind the REST interface. For example, consumers should not know or care if they interact with a database or other services.

 

Introduction to REST and HTTP by Example

Let’s see an example of REST over HTTP. The following exchange is a GET request, representing the method or verb. A verb such as GET describes the action to take on a particular resource; in this example, we consider the attendees resource. An Accept header is passed to define the type of content the consumer would like to retrieve. REST defines the notion of a representation in the body and allows for representation metadata to be defined in the headers.

In the example below, we represent a request above the — separator and a response below:

GET http://mastering-api.com/attendees

Accept: application/json

200 OK

Content-Type: application/json

{

    “displayName”: “Jim”,

    “id”: 1

}

Posted on Leave a comment

The NIST Cybersecurity Framework

The NIST Cybersecurity Framework

NIST is an acronym for the National Institute of Standards and Technology at the U.S. Department of Commerce, and the NIST Cybersecurity Framework is commonly referred to as the CSF. The Framework provides a structure for private enterprises to assess and improve their ability to prevent, detect, and respond to cyber incidents.

First formulated in 2014, a recent study reported that 70% of the surveyed organizations see the NIST framework as a widespread best practice for computer security, 50% have noted that to do so requires a significant monetary investment, which is a barrier for adoption

Posted on Leave a comment

Redshift vs. Postgres

Redshift vs. Postgres Compare Performance & Functionality Xplenty

The critical differences of Redshift vs. Postgres:
1. Table data is implemented via rows with Postgres, while Table data is implemented via columns with Redshift,
2. Indexing and Keys are handled differently by Redshift and Postgres,
3. A Clustered vs Single Node is the key architectural difference of Redshift and Postgres implementations.

This article will define, discover and compare the performance and functionality differences of both Redshift and Postgres, and how theses variances can potentially determine which choice you will make when deciding between the two when selecting a database warehouse solution to manage your critical business data.

Posted on Leave a comment

RAID Storage Systems and how RAID is changing with SSD

RAID Storage Systems and How RAID Is Changing With SSD

RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks) is a method of storing the same data in different locations on multiple hard disk drives (HDD) or solid-state drives (SSD) to protect data in the event of a drive failure.

This method increases the speed of storing and accessing data while preventing data loss and unplanned downtimes – as data is shared over multiple disks, this increases the mean time between failures (MTBF). Storing data redundantly also increases fault tolerance

Posted on Leave a comment

Tech Monopolies That Have Emerged, Which Are Bringing Home the Reality of the Metaverse

Tech Monopolies Which Are Bringing Home the Reality of the Metaverse

Paul Chambiras

Technical Writer | IT Consultant & Blogger

Introduction

The Metaverse is the ultimate realization of the abstract realm of the virtual world, not via smartphones and powerful computers, but within immersive technologies such as Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR). When these technologies effectively merge and integrate, the real value of a metaverse entity will be difficult to comprehend.

The augmented Metaverse will become popular for a simple reason; VR is available and affordable – and much more controllable than real existence is. Virtual offices, personal interactions, and obtaining goods and services will have minimal costs, and within reach upon a few mouse clicks.

And there will no longer be any need for long commutes to work. With a large field of imaginative possibilities to explore, the initial value of the Metaverse will be the instant connection and integration to everything that is already created virtually – such as online banking, digital social media, electronic gaming, and multi-modes of attainable entertainment.

The ability to transform, translate and synthesize normal daily tasks into this new online world will alter the nature of virtual reality and physical reality. What we currently do on the Internet can be encountered within a metaverse, as opposed to tapping and manipulating abstract icons and colorful symbols on our smartphones.

This virtual vision has enormous personal and economic potential, as developed countries (and some emerging ones too) embrace technology and telecommunications and are already dependent on it.

You would expect the leading global tech companies to have already made a stake within the technical ground regarding AR and VR, and that has been the case. Microsoft has released its own next-gen VR/ AR headset called the HoloLens 2; however, it is primarily used for virtual business applications, and not entertainment.

Not to be outdone, Apple has been far more tight-lipped about its metaverse plans, but reliable reports suggest that 2022 will be the year that it will launch its first device. What news that has been significant to date has been Apple’s viewpoint that only an Apple metaverse will be permitting Apple device users to enter and engage only.

What is the Metaverse?

The term – Metaverse – first appeared in a science fiction book in the early 1990s. The plot focused on people who chose to interact with each other in a 3-dimensional world, using avatars.

The closest metaverse entity currently is the online game Fortnite. This shared gaming platform is immensely popular, where online player interaction and sharing experiences occur in the virtual space. Tech company – Unity Software – have staked their claim with 3D software gaming products, but recently (March 2021), they announced a landmark deal with car manufacturer – Volkswagen – to design and market their vehicles in 3D and within real-time virtual workspaces.

Interestingly, the term ‘meta’ has one meaning as ‘beyond,’ therefore the Metaverse implies an augmentation of the physical and virtual presence we currently live in.

What will Occur within the Metaverse?

Once an initial (non-gaming) metaverse has been developed and deployed – now what?

Early metaverse prototypes have overseen AR innovation for online users to try and buy goods and services, such as clothes, furniture, perform DIY jobs in your home, and even sample and try different makeup options – all virtually performed.

The Metaverse will be more than just an online fashion and lifestyle bonanza – all forms of retail marketing and purchasing will exist in the Metaverse, with virtual items containing crypto value, operating within virtual economies. Avatars will wear digital clothing, and virtual enterprises will exist in a similar form as their real-world equivalent entities do.

Social media will obviously have a presence within the Metaverse, with Facebook recently acquiring VR company Oculus – who plans to release the latest generation Oculus Quest 2 headset, which will introduce users to the whole VR experience, and right out of the box as well. Using Facebook’s services, Oculus just might be the fast-pass to connect its owners to any new metaverse available.

Entertainment within the Metaverse will not just include gaming but will spread to reach other platforms also. Virtual cinemas showing movies in a metaverse world with enhanced digital-only effects are more than a possibility. Music concerts and festivals, sports, and sporting competitions are likely to all have a digital presence as well. Metaverse travel can safely occur without any pandemic-enforced restrictions.

What does the Metaverse hold for Marketing and Marketers?

There can be no guarantee that people will respond to marketing within the Metaverse as they do so in the real world, and while the Metaverse can devise and deliver entirely new economic digital concepts, it will require innovative marketing and advertising ideas to connect with potential consumers.

Digital marketing visionaries such as Simulmedia, are already exploring and studying these new theories to adapt to the Metaverse, advocating that advertising the right virtual scale will need to complement some of the existing, core ways advertising is performed in digital channels.

Technical Companies and the Metaverse

Leading IT commentators believe there will be a need for multiple technologies, and from a multitude of tech companies, required to create and sustain the Metaverse. One such company – Roblox – which recently commenced trading publicly (and raised USD 40 billion), has made no secret of their desire to create a virtual scaffolding or framework for a metaverse, so their users can create and virtually engage within as they see fit.

The Metaverse will require a new programming model as an extensive and live emerging platform, where you go from one world to another, and the code all interacts. That requires an open-world programming model that currently does not exist.

How the Metaverse Could Evolve

The Metaverse will not simply be about the potential commercial opportunities possible. As we develop toward existing in both the real world and digital VR, the Metaverse will offer a fundamental advantage: convenience with accessibility.

The possibilities on how the Metaverse will operate just might depend upon wireless capability, and especially 5G technology. The Metaverse will need adequate bandwidth, the capacity to move copious amounts of data and faster throughout a network while optimizing any futuristic applications and seamlessly deploying them, like add-ons to a complex piece of software. The metaverse transformation will become global, and it will impact all of us.

Conclusion

What will be the ultimate feature that will appeal to almost everyone who engages within the Metaverse? It might simply be virtually getting together with family and friends to have social experiences that can be recorded and be made readily accessible, rather than personally relying on memories.

Leave a Reply

Posted on Leave a comment

Post Implementation Review

Post Implementation Review Report

The objective of Post Implementation Reviews (PIRs) is to provide an independent review of the achievements of the overall project, identify project performance in key areas and generate recommendations as to how performance in future projects may be improved. The recommendations include lessons learnt in areas where improvement is warranted as well as in areas where things were done well. The report also captures any outstanding issues and follow-up actions.

Posted on Leave a comment

Business Case Document

Business Case Document

Nearly every project needs to be approved—whether that means getting the simple go-ahead from your team or gaining the support of an executive stakeholder. You may be familiar with using a project plan or project charter to propose a new initiative and get the green light for a project. But if your proposed project represents a significant business investment, you may need to build a business case.